The Battle of Port Royal in November 1861 helped secure the blockade of the southern coast.
On April 19, 1861, Lincoln ordered the blockade. Though Scott’s proposal was ridiculed in the early days of the war, as the fighting progressed, many of his ideas were implemented to defeat the Confederacy. Scott was eventually pushed to resign and was replaced by McClellan. In the early months of the war, Scott was in conflict with President Lincoln and George McClellan wanted to replace him. With more than 3,000 miles of coastline, this would have been a tremendous undertaking involving more ships and men. US #786 pictures Scott, Andrew Jackson, and Jackson’s home, the Hermitage.Īlong the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, a blockade would prevent the export of cotton and import of supplies from foreign countries. The final battle would take place in New Orleans and the river would be in the hands of the Union, cutting off the Confederate supply lines in the West. The remaining troops would follow to secure the territory. The heavily armed boats would accompany army transport boats that would capture Confederate forts. Scott’s proposal for the Mississippi region was to begin in the North and march steadily south. Steamships had to be built to navigate the Mississippi and 60,000 troops had to be recruited and trained. His opponents wanted to immediately head to the Confederate capital of Richmond, capture it, and force the collapse of seceded states. His goal was to “envelop the insurgent States and bring them to terms with less bloodshed than by any other plan.” McClellan and the impatient press called it the “Anaconda Plan” because it would slowly suffocate the South. Scott’s plan, which he outlined to Major General George McClellan in a letter on May 3, 1861, involved blockading ports and controlling the Mississippi River. US #O91P4 – Winfield Scott War Department Official card plate proof. General Winfield Scott was a seasoned soldier and skilled strategist, so he knew the war would be drawn out. On May 3, 1861, General-in-Chief Winfield Scott presented a plan to end the Civil War without a great loss of life – it was later dubbed the “Anaconda Plan.”Īt the beginning of the Civil War, many in Washington, DC, felt the Union would defeat the Confederacy in a short time. Helped spur further enlistment Col.Winfield Scott’s “Anaconda Plan” US #153 from the 1870-71 National Bank Note Printing.54th Massachusetts commanded by Colonel Shaw.Congress allowed black enlistment in 1862.More than 100 people killed Rioters loot a New York store.Rioters mainly poor whites and Irish immigrants.Wealthy plantation owners were not required to serve in the Confederate army.In the North, draftees could hire substitutes or pay $300 to opt out.Conscription needed to sustain troop levels.Frances Clayton (right) fought in artillery and cavalry units Ĭivil War Espionage Belle Boyd Rose Greenhow Pauline Cushman Sam Davis.Some women posed as men in order to fight.Lincoln needed to be cautious, so that he did not anger the border states.Freed slaves only in “territories in rebellion”.Lincoln announced proclamation after Union victory at Antietam.Kept Britain out of the war Lincoln discussing emancipation with his cabinet.Cause disorder in the South as slaves were freed.Lincoln saw emancipation as a strategic issue as well as a moral one.Cause “union” in the North by linking the war to abolishing slavery.Capture Richmond Confederate strategy primarily defensive.Naval blockade from Louisiana to Virginia.The “Anaconda Plan” The Union’s strategy:
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